I-capnograph iyithuluzi lezokwelapha elibalulekile elisetshenziswa kakhulu ukuhlola impilo yokuphefumula. Ilinganisa ukuhlushwa kwe-CO₂ emoyeni okhishwayo futhi ivame ukubizwa ngokuthiIsikrini se-CO₂ (EtCO2) sokugcina ulwandle.Le divayisi inikeza izilinganiso zesikhathi sangempela kanye nezibonisi ze-graphical waveform (ama-capnogram), okunikeza ulwazi olubalulekile ngesimo sokuphefumula sesiguli.
Isebenza Kanjani I-Capnography?
Nansi indlela esebenza ngayo emzimbeni: umoya-mpilo ungena egazini ngamaphaphu futhi usekela izinqubo zomzimba zokugaya ukudla. Njengomphumela we-metabolism, i-carbon dioxide iyakhiqizwa, ithuthwe ibuyiselwe emaphashini, bese ikhishwa. Ukulinganisa inani le-CO₂ emoyeni okhishwayo kunikeza ulwazi olubalulekile mayelana nomsebenzi wokuphefumula kanye nokugaya ukudla kwesiguli.
Indlela i-Capnograph Elinganisa Ngayo i-CO2？
Isikrini se-capnograph silinganisa umoya ophumayo ngokubonisa ingcindezi engaphelele ye-CO₂ ngefomethi ye-waveform kugridi ye-x- kanye ne-y-axis. Sibonisa kokubili ama-waveform kanye nezilinganiso zezinombolo. Ukufundwa okuvamile kwe-CO₂ (EtCO₂) kokuphela kolwandle ngokuvamile kusuka ku-35 kuya ku-45mmHg. Uma i-EtCO yesiguli2kwehle ngaphansi kwama-30 mmHg, kungase kubonise izinkinga ezifana nokungasebenzi kahle kwepayipi le-endotracheal noma ezinye izinkinga zezokwelapha ezithinta ukungena komoya-mpilo.
Izindlela Ezimbili Eziyinhloko Zokulinganisa Igesi Ephumayo
Ukuqapha Okujwayelekile kwe-EtCO2
Ngale ndlela, i-adaptha yomoya enegumbi lokuhlola elihlanganisiwe ifakwa ngqo endaweni yomoya phakathi kwesekethe yokuphefumula kanye nethubhu ye-endotracheal.
Ukuqapha kwe-Sidestream EtCO2
Inzwa itholakala ngaphakathi kweyunithi eyinhloko, kude nomgudu womoya. Iphampu encane iqhubeka nokufutha amasampula egesi akhishwa yisiguli ngomugqa wokuthatha isampula eya kuyunithi eyinhloko. Umugqa wokuthatha isampula ungaxhunywa ku-T-piece epayipini le-endotracheal, i-adaptha yemaski yokubulala izinzwa, noma ngqo emgodini wekhala nge-cannula yekhala yokuthatha isampula ene-adaptha yekhala.
Kukhona futhi izinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zama-monitor.
Enye iwumfanekiso we-EtCO₂ ophathekayo ozinikele, ogxile kuphela kulokhu kulinganisa.
Enye imojuli ye-EtCO₂ ehlanganiswe nemonitha ye-multiparameter, engalinganisa amapharamitha amaningi esiguli ngesikhathi esisodwa. Izikrini eziseceleni kombhede, imishini yegumbi lokuhlinza, kanye nama-defibrillator e-EMS ngokuvamile afaka amakhono okulinganisa e-EtCO₂.
Inikukhona Ukusetshenziswa Kwezokwelapha Kwe-Capnograph?
- Impendulo Ephuthumayo: Uma isiguli sibhekene nokuma kokuphefumula noma ukuma kwenhliziyo, ukuqapha i-EtCO2 kusiza abasebenzi bezokwelapha ukuthi bahlole ngokushesha isimo sokuphefumula sesiguli.
- Ukuqapha Okuqhubekayo: Ezigulini ezigula kakhulu ezisengozini yokuwohloka kokuphefumula ngokuzumayo, ukuqapha okuqhubekayo kwe-CO₂ kokuphela kolwandle kunikeza idatha yesikhathi sangempela ukuthola nokuphendula izinguquko ngokushesha.
- Inqubo Yokuthomalalisa: Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ukuhlinzwa okuncane noma okukhulu, lapho isiguli silaliswa, ukuqapha i-EtCO2 kuqinisekisa ukuthi isiguli sigcina umoya owanele kuyo yonke inqubo.
- Ukuhlolwa Komsebenzi Wephaphu: Ezigulini ezinezimo ezingamahlalakhona ezifana ne-sleep apnea kanye nesifo samaphaphu esingamahlalakhona (i-COPD), ama-capnograph asiza ekuhloleni ukusebenza kwamaphaphu azo.
Kungani Ukuqapha i-EtCO₂ Kubhekwa Njengendinganiso Yokunakekelwa?
I-Capnography manje iyaziwa kabanzi njengendlela yokunakekelwa engcono kakhulu ezindaweni eziningi zezokwelapha. Izinhlangano zezokwelapha ezihamba phambili kanye nezinhlangano ezilawulayo—njenge-American Heart Association (AHA) kanye ne-American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)—zifake i-capnography eziqondisweni nasezincomweni zazo zezokwelapha. Ezimweni eziningi, ibhekwa njengengxenye ebalulekile yokuqapha isiguli kanye nokunakekelwa kokuphefumula.
Iziqondiso ze-American Heart Association (AHA) Zokuvuselelwa Kwenhliziyo Nemithambo Yenhliziyo (CPR) kanye Nokunakekelwa Kwenhliziyo Okuphuthumayo (ECC) Kweziguli Zezingane Nezinsana: Iziqondiso Zokuvuselelwa Kwezingane Ezisanda Kuzalwa
Ingxenye 8: Ukusekelwa Kwempilo Yenhliziyo Ethuthukisiwe Yabantu Abadala
8.1: Izithasiselo Zokulawula Umoya Nokungenisa Umoya
Izindiza Ezithuthukisiwe – Ukufakwa Kwe-Endotracheal I-capnography eqhubekayo ye-waveform iyanconywa ngaphezu kokuhlolwa komtholampilo njengendlela ethembeke kakhulu yokuqinisekisa nokuqapha ukubekwa okufanele kwe-endotracheal tube (Class I, LOE A). Abahlinzeki kufanele baqaphele i-capnographic waveform eqhubekayo enomoya wokungenisa umoya ukuqinisekisa nokuqapha ukubekwa kwe-endotracheal tube ensimini, emotweni yokuthutha, lapho befika esibhedlela, nangemva kwanoma yikuphi ukudluliselwa kwesiguli ukuze kuncishiswe ingozi yokuduka kwe-tube noma ukufuduka okungabonakali. Umoya wokungenisa umoya osebenzayo ngedivayisi yomoya ye-supraglottic kufanele uholele ku-capnograph waveform ngesikhathi se-CPR nangemva kwe-ROSC (S733).
Ukuqapha kwe-EtCO2 vs SpO2Ukuqapha
Uma kuqhathaniswa ne-pulse oximetry (SpO₂),I-EtCO2Ukuqapha kunikeza izinzuzo ezicacile. Ngenxa yokuthi i-EtCO₂ inikeza ukuqonda kwesikhathi sangempela ngokuphefumula kwe-alveolar, isabela ngokushesha ezinguqukweni zesimo sokuphefumula. Ezimweni zokuphazamiseka kokuphefumula, amazinga e-EtCO₂ ayashintsha cishe ngokushesha, kanti ukwehla kwe-SpO₂ kungahlala imizuzwana embalwa kuya kwemizuzu. Ukuqapha okuqhubekayo kwe-EtCO2 kuvumela odokotela ukuthi babone ukwehla kokuphefumula kusenesikhathi, okunikeza isikhathi esibalulekile sokungenelela ngesikhathi ngaphambi kokuba ukugcwala komoya-mpilo kwehle.
Ukuqapha kwe-EtCO2
Ukuqapha i-EtCO2 kunikeza ukuhlolwa kwesikhathi sangempela kokushintshaniswa kwegesi yokuphefumula kanye nokuphefumula kwe-alveolar. Amazinga e-EtCO2 asabela ngokushesha ezimeni zokuphefumula futhi awathonywa kakhulu umoya-mpilo owengeziwe. Njengendlela yokuqapha engangenisi umswakama, i-EtCO2 isetshenziswa kabanzi ezindaweni ezahlukene zezokwelapha.
Ukuqapha i-Pulse Oximetry
Ukuqapha i-pulse oximetry (SpO₂)isebenzisa inzwa yeminwe engangenisi uhlaselo ukukala amazinga okugcwala komoya-mpilo egazini, okwenza kube lula ukubona ukuthi i-hypoxemia ayitholakali kalula. Le ndlela ilula ukuyisebenzisa futhi ifaneleka kahle ekuqapheni okuqhubekayo eceleni kombhede kweziguli ezingaguli kakhulu.
| Isicelo Sezokwelapha | I-SpO₂ | I-EtCO2 | |
| I-ventilator Yomshini | Ukufakwa kwe-endotracheal tube entanyeni | Kancane kancane | Okusheshayo |
| Ukufakwa kwepayipi le-endotracheal nge-bronchial | Kancane kancane | Okusheshayo | |
| Ukuvimba kokuphefumula noma ukuxhumeka okuxekethile | Kancane kancane | Okusheshayo | |
| Ukuphefumula Okuphansi | x | Okusheshayo | |
| Ukuphefumula ngokweqile | x | Okusheshayo | |
| Ukwehla kwezinga lokugeleza komoya-mpilo | Okusheshayo | Kancane kancane | |
| Umshini Wokubulala Izinzwa | Ukukhathala/ukuphefumula kabusha nge-soda lime | Kancane kancane | Okusheshayo |
| Isiguli | I-oxygen ephefumulelwe kancane | Okusheshayo | Kancane kancane |
| I-shunt yangaphakathi kwamaphaphu | Okusheshayo | Kancane kancane | |
| I-embolism yamaphaphu | x | Okusheshayo | |
| I-hyperthermia ebulalayo | Okusheshayo | Okusheshayo | |
| Ukuboshwa kokujikeleza kwegazi | Okusheshayo | Okusheshayo |
Ungazikhetha Kanjani Izesekeli ze-CO₂ kanye Nezinto Ezisetshenziswayo？
INyakatho Melika njengamanje ibusa imakethe, ibala cishe u-40% wemali engenayo yomhlaba wonke, kanti isifunda sase-Asia-Pacific kulindeleke ukuthi sibhalise ukukhula okusheshayo, nge-CAGR ebikezelwe engu-8.3% phakathi nesikhathi esifanayo.isiqaphi sesiguliabakhiqizi—njengoI-Philips (i-Respironics), I-Medtronic (i-Oridion), Masimokanye ne-Mindray—baqhubeka nokuthuthukisa ubuchwepheshe be-EtCO2 ukuze bahlangabezane nezidingo ezishintshayo ze-anesthesia, ukunakekelwa okubucayi, kanye nemithi ephuthumayo.
Ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zezokwelapha nokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle komsebenzi kwabasebenzi bezokwelapha, i-MedLinket igxile ekuthuthukiseni nasekukhiqizeni izinto ezisetshenziswayo ezisezingeni eliphezulu, njengemigqa yokulinganisa, ama-adapter omoya, kanye nezithiyo zamanzi. Le nkampani izinikele ekuhlinzekeni izikhungo zezempilo ngezixazululo ezithembekile ezisetshenziswayo kokubili ukuqapha okujwayelekile kanye nokuqapha okungaphandle, okuhambisana nemikhiqizo eminingi ehamba phambili yokuqapha iziguli, okufaka isandla ekuthuthukisweni kwensimu yokuqapha ukuphefumula.
Izinzwa ze-Mainstream etco2futhiama-adaptha omoyayizona izesekeli nezinto ezisetshenziswa kakhulu zokuqapha okujwayelekile.
Kokuqapha okuseceleni,okufanele kucatshangelwe kufaka phakathi, izinzwa ze-sidestream, kanyeizithiyo zamanziUmugqa wokuthatha amasampula we-CO2, kuye ngokuthi uhlela kanjani futhi unakekele izidingo zakho.
Uchungechunge Lwezicupho Zamanzi | ||||||||||
Umkhiqizi we-OEM namamodeli | Isithombe Esiyisithenjwa | Inombolo ye-OEM | Ikhodi ye-oda | Izincazelo | ||||||
| I-Mindray Ehambisanayo (eShayina) | ||||||||||
| Kwabaqaphi bochungechunge be-BeneView, iPM, iMEC, PM, MEC-2000, uchungechunge lwe-PM-9000/7000/6000, i-BeneHeart defibrillator |  | 115-043022-00 (9200-10-10530) | I-RE-WT001A | Isicupho samanzi esomile, i-Adult/Pediatirc yemodyuli enezikhala ezimbili, 10pcs/ibhokisi | ||||||
 | 115-043023-00 (9200-10-10574) | I-RE-WT001N | Ugibe lwamanzi olumile, olusanda kuzalwa lwemodyuli yesikhala esikabili, 10pcs/ibhokisi | |||||||
| OkweBeneVision, amamonitha ochungechunge lwe-BeneView |  | 115-043024-00 (100-000080-00) | I-RE-WT002A | Isicupho samanzi se-Dryline II, i-Adult/Pediatirc yemodyuli yesikhala esisodwa, 10pcs/ibhokisi | ||||||
 | 115-043025-00 (100-000081-00) | I-RE-WT002N | Isicupho samanzi se-Dryline II, i-Neonatal module ye-single-slot, 10pcs/ibhokisi | |||||||
| I-GE ehambisanayo | ||||||||||
| Imodyuli ye-GE Solar Sidestream EtCO₂, GE MGA-1100 Mass Spectrometer GE Advantage System, EtCO₂ Izinhlelo Zokusampula |  | 402668-008 | I-CA20-013 | Ukusetshenziswa kwesiguli esisodwa okungu-0.8 micron Fitter, i-Luer Lock ejwayelekile, ama-pcs angu-20/ibhokisi | ||||||
| I-GE Healthcare gventilator, i-monitor, umshini wokubulala izinzwa one-module yegesi ye-E-miniC |  | 8002174 | CA20-053 | Umthamo weSitsha Sangaphakathi ungaphezulu kuka-5.5mL, 25pcs/ibhokisi | ||||||
| I-Drager Ehambisanayo | ||||||||||
| I-Drager Babytherm Ehambisanayo 8004/8010 Babylog VN500 ventilator |  | 6872130 | I-WL-01 | I-Waterlock esetshenziswa yisiguli esisodwa, 10pcs/ibhokisi | ||||||
| I-Philips Ehambisanayo | ||||||||||
| Imodyuli Ehambisanayo:I-Philips – IntelliVue G5 |  | M1657B / 989803110871 | I-CA20-008 | Isicupho samanzi sePhilips, 15pcs/ibhokisi | ||||||
| I-Philips Ehambisanayo |  | I-CA20-009 | Irekhi yesicupho samanzi sePhilips | |||||||
| Imodyuli Ehambisanayo:I-Philips – IntelliVue G7ᵐ | | 989803191081 | I-WL-01 | I-Waterlock esetshenziswa yisiguli esisodwa, 10pcs/ibhokisi | ||||||
Umugqa wokuthatha amasampula we-CO2 | ||||
Isixhumi sesiguli | Isithombe sesixhumi sesiguli | Isixhumi esibonakalayo sensimbi | Isithombe sesixhumi esibonakalayo sensimbi | |
| Ipulaki ye-Luer |  | Ipulagi ye-Luer | | |
| Umugqa wokuthatha isampula wohlobo lwe-T |  | Ipulaki yePhilips (Respironics) |  | |
| Umugqa wokuthatha isampula wohlobo lwe-L |  | Ipulaki ye-Medtronic (Oridion) |  | |
| Umugqa wokuthatha isampula ekhaleni |  | Ipulagi yeMasimo |  | |
| Umugqa wokuthatha isampula yekhala/yomlomo |  | / |
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Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Juni-03-2025
