Mawaya a ECG ndi ofunikira kwambiri pakuwunika odwala, zomwe zimathandiza kupeza deta yolondola ya electrocardiogram (ECG). Nayi njira yosavuta yofotokozera mawaya a ECG kutengera magulu azinthu kuti ikuthandizeni kuwamvetsa bwino.

Kugawa Ma Cable a ECG ndi Mawaya a Lead Malinga ndi Kapangidwe ka Zamalonda

1.Zingwe Zogwirizana za ECG

TheZingwe Zogwirizana za ECGGwiritsani ntchito kapangidwe katsopano komwe kamaphatikiza ma electrode ndi zingwe kwambiri, zomwe zimathandiza kulumikizana mwachindunji kuchokera kumapeto kwa wodwala kupita ku chowunikira popanda zigawo zapakati. Kapangidwe kosinthasintha kameneka sikuti kamangopangitsa kuti kapangidwe kake kakhale kosavuta komanso kumachotsa zolumikizira zingapo zomwe zimapezeka m'machitidwe achikhalidwe ogawa. Zotsatira zake, zimachepetsa kwambiri chiopsezo cha kulephera chifukwa cha kulumikizana kosayenera kapena kuwonongeka kwa mawu, zomwe zimapereka yankho lokhazikika komanso lodalirika la kuwunika kwa wodwala. Chithunzi chotsatirachi chikuwonetsa kugwiritsa ntchito Zingwe Zolumikizidwa za ECG kuti mugwiritse ntchito.

2.Zingwe za ECG Trunk

TheZingwe za Trunk za ECGndi gawo lofunika kwambiri la dongosolo lowunikira la ECG, lomwe lili ndi magawo atatu: cholumikizira cha zida, chingwe cha trunk, ndi cholumikizira cha yoke.

3.Mawaya a ECG Lead

Mawaya a ECG leadamagwiritsidwa ntchito limodzi ndi zingwe za trunk za ECG. Mu kapangidwe kameneka ka Separable, mawaya otsogolera okha ndi omwe amafunika kusinthidwa ngati awonongeka, pomwe chingwe cha trunk chimagwiritsidwabe ntchito, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ndalama zosamalira zikhale zochepa poyerekeza ndi zingwe za ECG zolumikizidwa. Kuphatikiza apo, zingwe za trunk za ECG sizimalumikizidwa kapena kuchotsedwa pafupipafupi, zomwe zitha kukulitsa nthawi yawo yogwira ntchito.

Zingwe za ECG ndi mawaya a Lead Kugawa Kutengera Chiwerengero cha Lead

• Zingwe za ECG za 3-Lead

Mwadongosolo,Zingwe za ECG zokhala ndi lead zitatuZili ndi mawaya atatu otsogola, chilichonse cholumikizidwa ku electrode inayake. Ma electrode awa amayikidwa m'mbali zosiyanasiyana za thupi la wodwalayo kuti azindikire zizindikiro zamagetsi. Muzochitika zachipatala, malo omwe ma electrode amayikidwa ndi mkono wakumanja (RA), mkono wakumanzere (LA), ndi mwendo wakumanzere (LL). Kapangidwe kameneka kamathandizira kujambula mtima.'ntchito zamagetsi kuchokera mbali zosiyanasiyana, kupereka deta yofunika kwambiri kuti munthu adziwe matenda molondola.

•  Zingwe za ECG za 5-Lead

Poyerekeza ndi zingwe za ECG zokhala ndi lead zitatu,Zingwe za ECG zokhala ndi lead 5Ma configurations amapereka deta yathunthu yamagetsi a mtima pojambula zizindikiro kuchokera ku malo ena a thupi. Ma electrode nthawi zambiri amaikidwa pa RA (mkono wakumanja), LA (mkono wakumanzere), RL (mwendo wakumanja), LL (mwendo wakumanzere), ndi V (chitsogozo cha precordial/chifuwa), zomwe zimathandiza kuti mtima uziyang'aniridwa m'njira zosiyanasiyana. Kukhazikitsa kowonjezereka kumeneku kumapatsa madokotala chidziwitso cholondola komanso chowonekera bwino cha mtima.'s electrophysiological status, kuthandizira matenda olondola kwambiri komanso njira zochiritsira payekhapayekha.

•  Zingwe za ECG za 10-Lead kapena 12-Lead

TheChingwe cha ECG cha 10-Lead / 12-Leadndi njira yonse yowunikira mtima. Mwa kuyika ma electrode angapo pamalo enaake a thupi, imalemba mtima'ntchito zamagetsi kuchokera mbali zosiyanasiyana, kupatsa madokotala chidziwitso chatsatanetsatane cha zamagetsi a mtima chomwe chingathandize kuzindikira ndi kuwunika matenda a mtima molondola.

Zingwe za ECG zokhala ndi lead 10 kapena 12-lead zikuphatikizapo izi:

(1)Mitsempha Yokhazikika ya Ziwalo (Mitsempha Yoyamba, Yachiwiri, Yachitatu):

Ma waya amenewa amayesa kusiyana komwe kulipo pakati pa miyendo pogwiritsa ntchito ma electrode omwe amaikidwa pa mkono wakumanja (RA), mkono wakumanzere (LA), ndi mwendo wakumanzere (LL). Amawonetsa mtima.'ntchito yamagetsi kutsogolo kwa ndege.

(2)Ma Lead a Limbs Omwe Amawonjezera Mphamvu (aVR, aVL, aVF):

Ma lead awa amachokera pogwiritsa ntchito ma electrode enaake ndipo amapereka mawonekedwe ena owongolera mtima.'ntchito yamagetsi kutsogolo kwa ndege:

•  aVR: Imawona mtima kuchokera pa phewa lamanja, ikuyang'ana kwambiri gawo lakumanja la mtima.
•  aVL: Amaona mtima kuchokera ku phewa lamanzere, akuyang'ana kwambiri gawo lakumtunda lamanzere la mtima.
•  aVF: Amaona mtima kuchokera ku phazi, kuyang'ana kwambiri gawo lotsika (lotsika) la mtima.

(3)Otsogolera Osajambulidwa (Oyang'anira Chifuwa)

•  Ma Leads V1–V6 imayikidwa pamalo enaake pachifuwa ndipo imalemba zochitika zamagetsi mu ndege yopingasa:
•  V1–V2: Kuwonetsa ntchito yochokera ku ventricle yakumanja ndi septum yapakati pa ventricular.
•  V3–V4: Imaonetsa ntchito yochokera pakhoma lakunja la ventricle yakumanzere, ndipo V4 ili pafupi ndi pamwamba.
•  V5–V6: Kuwonetsa ntchito yochokera pakhoma la mbali ya ventricle yakumanzere.

(4)Ma Leads a Chifuwa Chamanja

Ma lead V3R, V4R, ndi V5R ali pachifuwa chakumanja, ndipo ma lead V3 mpaka V5 akuwonetsedwa kumanzere. Ma lead amenewa amawunika makamaka momwe mitsempha ya kumanja imagwirira ntchito komanso zolakwika, monga matenda a mtima kapena hypertrophy.

Kugawa Mitundu ya Ma Electrode pa Cholumikizira cha Odwala

1.Mawaya Otsogolera a ECG Opangidwa ndi Snap-Type

Mawaya otsogolera ali ndi kapangidwe ka mbali ziwiri kodutsa m'chimake. Zizindikiro zamitundu zimapangidwa ndi jakisoni, zomwe zimathandiza kuti zidziwike bwino zomwe sizidzatha kapena kusweka pakapita nthawi. Kapangidwe ka mchira wa maukonde osagwa fumbi kamapereka malo osungiramo chingwe chopindika, kulimbitsa kulimba, kuyeretsa mosavuta, komanso kukana kupindika.

 2. Ma waya Otsogolera a ECG Ozungulira

• Batani Lakumbali ndi Kapangidwe Kolumikizira Kowoneka:Amapatsa madokotala njira yotetezeka yotsekera ndi kutsimikizira mawonekedwe, zomwe zimathandiza kulumikizana mwachangu komanso kodalirika kwa lead;Zatsimikiziridwa kuti zimachepetsa chiopsezo cha machenjezo abodza omwe amabwera chifukwa cha kudulidwa kwa lead.
• Kapangidwe ka Chingwe cha Riboni Chopindika:Zimachotsa kulumikizidwa kwa chingwe, kusunga nthawi ndikuwonjezera magwiridwe antchito; Zimalola kulekanitsa lead kutengera kukula kwa thupi la wodwalayo kuti akhale bwino komanso kuti azikhala bwino.
• Mawaya Othandizira Otetezedwa Mokwanira a Mbali Ziwiri:Amapereka chitetezo chapamwamba kwambiri ku kusokonezedwa ndi ma elekitiromagineti, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ikhale yoyenera kwambiri m'malo okhala ndi zida zamagetsi zambiri. 

3. Mawaya Otsogolera a ECG a Mtundu wa Grabber

Themawaya otsogolera a ECG amtundu wa grabberAmapangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito njira yolumikizirana yopangira jekeseni, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta kuyeretsa, zosalowa madzi, komanso zosagwa. Kapangidwe kameneka kamateteza bwino ma electrode, kuonetsetsa kuti ma electrode akuyenda bwino komanso kuti zizindikiro zake zikhale zokhazikika. Mawaya otsogolera amaphatikizidwa ndi zingwe zokhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana zomwe zimagwirizana ndi zilembo za ma electrode, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ziwoneke bwino komanso kuti zikhale zosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito.

4.4.0 Mawaya a Nthochi ndi 3.0 Pin ECG Lead

Ma waya a nthochi a 4.0 ndi 3.0 pin ECG lead ali ndi ma specifications ofanana omwe amatsimikizira kuti akugwirizana komanso kuti chizindikirocho chikuyenda bwino. Ndi oyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'njira zosiyanasiyana zachipatala, kuphatikizapo njira zodziwira matenda ndi kuyang'anira kwamphamvu kwa ECG, kupereka chithandizo chodalirika kuti deta ipezeke molondola.

Kodi mawaya a ECG lead ayenera kuyikidwa bwanji moyenera?

Mawaya a ECG ayenera kuyikidwa motsatira zizindikiro za thupi. Kuti zithandize kuyika bwino, mawaya nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana komanso zilembo zomveka bwino, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta kuzindikira ndikusiyanitsa waya uliwonse.

3 - Ma waya a lead a ECG
IEC		AHA
Dzina la Mtsogoleri	Mtundu wa Elekitirodi	Dzina la Mtsogoleri	Mtundu wa Elekitirodi
R	Chofiira	RA	Choyera
L	Wachikasu	LA	Chakuda
F	Zobiriwira	LL	Chofiira
5 - Ma waya a lead a ECG
IEC		AHA
Dzina la Mtsogoleri	Mtundu wa Elekitirodi	Dzina la Mtsogoleri	Mtundu wa Elekitirodi
R	Chofiira	RA	Choyera
L	Wachikasu	LA	Chakuda
F	Zobiriwira	LL	Chofiira
N	Chakuda	RL	Zobiriwira
C	Choyera	V	Brown
Ma waya a lead a ECG a 6-Leads
IEC		AHA
R	Chofiira	RA	Choyera
L	Wachikasu	LA	Chakuda
F	Chakuda	LL	Chofiira
N	Zobiriwira	RL	Zobiriwira
C4	Buluu	V4	Brown
C5	lalanje	V5	Chakuda
Mawaya a lead a ECG a 12-Leads
IEC		AHA
R	Chofiira	RA	Choyera
L	Wachikasu	LA	Chakuda
F	Chakuda	LL	Chofiira
N	Zobiriwira	RL	Zobiriwira
C1	Chofiira	V1	Brown
C2	Wachikasu	V2	Wachikasu
C3	Zobiriwira	V3	Zobiriwira
C4	bulauni	V4	Buluu
C5	Chakuda	V5	lalanje
C6	Pepo	V6	Pepo